British author Deborah Cadbury wrote Seven Wonders of the Industrial World, a book telling the stories of seven great feats of engineering of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In 2003 the BBC made a seven-part documentary series on the book, with each episode dramatising the construction one of the wonders. The seven industrial wonders are:
SS Great Eastern

The SS Great Eastern was an iron sailing steam ship designed by Isambard
Kingdom Brunel. She was
the largest ship ever built at the time of her 1858 launch, and had the capacity to carry 4,000 passengers around the world without refueling. She would only be surpassed in length in 1899 (by the RMS Oceanic, 705 feet (215 m) and 17,274 gross tons) and in tonnage in 1901 (by the RMS Celtic, 700 feet (210 m) and 21,035 gross tons). Brunel knew her affectionately as the “great babe”. He died shortly after her launch in 1858.

Bell Rock Lighthouse

Bell Rock Lighthouse is the world’s oldest surviving sea-washed lighthouse and was
built on Bell Rock (also known as Inchcape) in the North Sea, 12 miles (18 km) off the
coast of Angus, Scotland, east of the Firth of Tay (56°26.052′N, 2°23.236′W). The
rock was the scene of many shipwrecks as it lies just below the surface of the sea
for all but a few hours at low tide.
The masonry work on which the light house rests was constructed to such a high standard that it has not been replaced or adapted in almost 200 years.
The lamps and reflectors were replaced in 1843, with the original equipment being used in the lighthouse at Cape Bonavista, Newfoundland where they are currently on display.
According to legend, the rock is called Bell Rock because of a 14th century attempt by the abbot from Arbroath to install a warning bell on it. The bell lasted only one year before it was removed by a Dutch pirate. This story is immortalised in The
Inchcape Rock, a famous poem by 19th century poet Robert Southey.
Brooklyn Bridge

The Brooklyn Bridge, one of the oldest suspension bridges in the United States,
tretches 5,989 feet (1825 m). Over the East River connecting the New York City
boroughs of Manhattan
and Brooklyn. On completion, it was the largest suspension bridge in the world and the first steel-wire suspension bridge. Originally referred to as the New York and Brooklyn Bridge, it was dubbed the Brooklyn Bridge in an 1867 letter to the editor of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, and formally so named by the city government in 1915. Since its opening, it has become an iconic part of the New York skyline. In 1964 it was designated a National Historic Landmark.
London sewerage system

In the early 19th century the River Thames was practically an open sewer,
with disastrous consequences for public health in London, including numerous
cholera epidemics. Proposals to modernise the sewerage system had been
put forward in 1856, but were shelved due to lack of funds. However, after The Great Stink of 1858, Parliament realised the urgency of the problem and resolved to create a modern sewerage system.
The London sewerage system is part of the water infrastructure serving London. The modern roots of the system were first developed during the late 19th century, but as London has grown the system has been expanded and needs further investment.
First Transcontinental Railroad

The First Transcontinental Railroad in the United States was built across
North America in the 1860s, linking the railway network of the Eastern
United States with California on the Pacific coast. Ceremonially completed
on May 10, 1869, at the famous “golden spike” event at Promontory Summit, Utah, it created a nation-wide mechanized transportation network that revolutionized the population and economy of the American West. This network caused the wagon trains of previous decades to become obsolete, exchanging it for a modern transportation system.
Authorized by the Pacific Railway Act of 1862 and heavily backed by the federal government, it was the culmination of a decades-long movement to build such a line and was one of the crowning achievements of the presidency of Abraham Lincoln, completed four years after his death. The building of the railway
required enormous feats of engineering and labor in the crossing of plains and
high mountains by the Union Pacific Railroad and Central Pacific Railroad, the
two privately chartered federally backed enterprises that built the line westward
and eastward respectively.
Panama Canal

The Panama Canal is a man-made canal in Central America which joins the
Pacific and Atlantic oceans. One of the largest and most difficult engineering
projects ever undertaken, it had an enormous impact on shipping between
the two oceans, replacing the long and treacherous route via the Drake Passage and Cape Horn at the southernmost tip of South America. A ship sailing from New York to San Francisco via the canal travels 9,500 km (6,000 miles), well under half the 22,500 km (14,000 mi) route around Cape Horn.[1] Although the concept of a canal near Panama dates back to the early 16th century, the first attempt to construct a canal began in 1880 under French leadership. After this attempt failed and saw
21,900 workers die, the project of building a canal was attempted and completed by the United States
in the early 1900s, with the canal opening in1914. The building of the 77 km (51 mi) canal was plagued by problems,including disease (particularly malaria and yellow fever) and landslides. By the timethe canal was completed, a total of 27,500 workers are estimated to have died in the
French
and American efforts.
Since opening, the canal has been enormously successful, and continues to be
a key conduit for international shipping. Each year more than 14,000 ships pass
through the canal, carrying more than 205 million tons of cargo. By 2002 about
800,000 ships had used the canal altogether.
Hoover Dam

Hoover Dam, is a concrete arch-gravity dam in the Black Canyon of the Colorado
River, on the border between the U.S. states of Arizona and Nevada,also known
as Boulder Dam. It was both the world’s largest electric power producing facility
and the world’s largest concrete structure,when completed in 1935. It was
exceeded both respects by the Grand Coulee Dam in 1945. It is currently the world’s 34th largest hydroelectric generating station.

The dam, located 30 miles (48 km) southeast of Las Vegas, is named after Herbert Hoover, who played an instrumental role in its construction, first as Secretary of Commerce and then later as President of the United States. Construction began in 1931 and was completed in 1935, more than two years ahead of schedule. The Bureau of Reclamation of the U.S. Department of the
Interior operates the dam and the power plant.Register of Historic Places in
1981, Hoover Dam was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1985

Champaner The historical town of Champaner is a city in the Gujarat state of western India. It is located in Panchmahal District, 47 kilometers from the city of Vadodara. The city was briefly the capital of Gujarat.  It was founded by Vanraj Chavda, the most prominent king of the Chavda Kingdom, in the 8th century. He named it after the name of his friend and general Champa, also known later as Champaraj. By the later 15th century, the Khichi Chauhan Rajputs held Pavagadh fort above the town of Champaner. The young Sultan of Gujarat, Mahmud Begada, captured the fort on 21 November 1484, after a siege of 20 months. He then spent 23 years rebuilding and embellishing Champaner, which he renamed Muhammadabad, after which he moved the capital there from Ahmedabad. The town finally succumbed to attacks from the Mughal Emperor Humayun in 1535. Champaner is today the site of the Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park, which UNESCO designated a World Heritage Site in 2004, and is situated about 47 km from the city of Vadodara.  Sultan Begada also built a magnificent Jama Masjid in Champaner, which ranks amongst the finest architectural edifices in Gujarat. It is an imposing structure on a high plinth, with a central dome, two minarets 30 meters in height, 172 pillars, seven mihrabs, and carved entrance gates with fine stone jalis.   

As the weather heats up this summer, so does the party scene. These 5 sizzling hotspots encompass seasonal music and art fests, sexy seaside towns and great destinations for you to get your groove on.

• Berlin

There are more than a few reasons to head to Germany’s capital city for a raging summer jaunt you won’t soon forget. Not only has the “capital of cool” (its common moniker) just played host to Europe’s most celebrated sports event, the World Cup (June 9-July 9), it’s also the stomping ground for the Love Parade (July 15), possibly the world’s biggest street party. Even if you miss these two headline events, any summer night in Berlin holds endless opportunities for debauchery-laden fun—its mercurial nightlife scene is renowned for its underground clubs, beer gardens and über-cool lounges.

• Ibiza

Listed as the “entertainment island of the world” by the Guinness Book of World Records, Ibiza, one of the three main Balearic Islands off the coast of Spain, has become synonymous with summer hedonism. Characterized by world-renowned clubs, where dance floors heave under the tracks spun by A-list international DJs, it’s quite possible you’ll spend more time dancing on this pleasure island than anywhere else on our list. When you’re in need of a break, kick back under the moonlit skies at Benirras Beach or stroll the local marina—one of the multimillion dollar yachts moored in the harbor may just belong to a visiting celebrity.

• Montréal

Summer merrymakers seeking a blend of sophistication and sass, and culture without pretense, can find a bit of debauchery à la française in Montreal. Of course, you’ll have to forego beaches and bikinis here, but with alcohol consumption and casino gambling (check out the chic Casino de Montréal) open to the 18-and-over crowd, scintillating nightlife (try Boulevard St-Laurent or Crescent Street for the best action), strip-clubs galore, and a certain je ne sais quoi, Montréal’s appeal reels in its fair share of summer party-goers all the same. Popular seasonal festivals also abound—two not-to-miss events include the renowned International Jazz Festival (late June to mid-July), which has headlined greats like Miles Davis and Dizzie Gillespie, and the Just for Laughs Festival (July), featuring some of the world’s funniest comics.

• Mykonos

The sizzling summer months spark a hedonistic wildfire on this famed Greek isle, as jet-setters, backpackers and cruise-ship day-trippers alike converge in search of the ultimate party. Indeed, if your idea of paradise involves rambling white sands met by the deep-blue Aegean, beach bars bumping with Euro tunes, bikini-clad bodies dancing on tables, and topless girls sprawled on the sand, you’ll find it and more on two adjoining local beaches, the appropriately named Paradise and Super Paradise. Come late-afternoon, you’ll be hard pressed to resist the full-blown party that gets going along the shores; the music doesn’t typically die down before dawn—in time for sunrise and a morning nap on the sand.

• Reykjavik

Iceland’s unpretentious capital of Reykjavik is home to a legendary nightlife scene that’s actually a blast to partake in all year long. However, the city nonetheless really comes into its own in summer, when the fabled Midnight Sun crests the horizon—and heralds a season of midnight golf and white nights. June 23 marked the onset of “midnight madness,” with a Viking-inspired festival complete with bonfires and live music. Despite its chilly temperatures (summer highs barely top 65 degrees), there are plenty of thermal wonders to keep you warm here too; most popular, perhaps, is the Blue Lagoon, where mineral-rich hot water bubbles up from the earth in a moonlike landscape.

The World Heritage Lists sites with outstanding universal value. Seven Sites are in Romania. Following are outstanding significant historic places in Romania.

Romania is a land of majestic castles and ancient medieval towns. Romania is famous to movie goers as the land of Dracula movies. Located in the former Eastern Bloc of Europe, Romania is becoming known as a great vacation area for snow skiers. Winter in Romania can be harsh. The best season for non-skiers to visit is summer.

• Churches of Moldavia

15th-16th century frescoes on painted exterior walls of seven churches are considered masterpieces of Byzantine art. The churches in northern Moldavia are unique in Europe. The paintings represent complete cycles of religious murals on all facades. the paintings are outstanding in composition, elegant outline and harmonious colors.

• Dacian Fortresses of the Orastie Mountains

Dacian Fortresses of the Orastie Mountains, Transylvania: fortresses built in the 1st centuries BC and AD, under Dacian rule. the fortresses demonstrate a fusion of military and religious architectural techniques. The fortresses defended the Geto-Dacian kingdoms, which had exceptionally high cultural and socio-economic levels in this era. The well preserved remains of the fortresses are in spectacular natural surroundings. the site was selected as an outstanding example of this type of defended site.

• Danube Delta, Dobruja Region:

The waters of the Danube flow in the Black Sea. These waters form the largest and best preserved of Europe’s deltas. The Danube Delta is home to over 300 species of birds and 45 freshwater fish species in numerous lake and marshes.

• Monastery of Horezu

Monastery of Horezu, Region of Wallachia. The monastery was founded in 1690 by Prince Constantine Brancovan. The monastery is considered a masterpiece of”brancovan” style.the building is known for architectural purity, balance, rich sculptural detail, composition, votive portraits an painted decorative works. In the 18th century a school of mural an icon painted was established. the school was famous throughout the Balkan region.

• Villages with Fortified Churches in Transylvania:

Transylvanian villages that provide a vivid picture of the cultural landscape in southern Transylvania. The seven villages, with their fortified churches, show a settlement pattern and organization of the family farmstead. They have been preserved since the late Middle Ages. The buildings illustrate building styles from the 13th to 16th centuries.

Summer travel in Southern Europe can mean sweltering cities and overcrowded hot beaches, but Italy, Greece, Spain and Portugal also have cooler places to escape the heat.

• The Dolomites

Head for the hills when the valley cities like Verona turn to open-air saunas. Mountain temperatures are lower and the nights cool. Choose a resort town such as Cortina or a small city like Bolzano, in the Upper Adige. Or pick a small village in the Cadore valley and hike along the mountain trails.

• The Val d’Aosta

North of Turin, along the Swiss border are two of Europe’s most famous and beautiful mountains, the Matterhorn and Mont Blanc. Italian towns on their southern slopes get the cool mountain breezes. To the south are the peaks of the Gran Paradiso National Park, where walking trails along the high ridges and green wooded valleys seem designed for hot summer days.

• The Pyrenees

Summer is a good time to explore the mountains between Spain and France, visiting Basque country and Andorra. Stick to the highlands, though, since the valleys can be blistering. Somewhat cooler are cites on the Atlantic coast, such as Bilbao, whose summer average high is in the 70sF. But that doesn’t stop the occasional heat wave when temperatures push into the 90s.

• The Northern Portugal Coast

Atlantic beaches are cooler than Adriatic or Mediterranean, so you can always cool off in the waves in northern Portugal and Galicia. North of Lisbon the entire coast is a string of beaches. Choose those that are protected by headlands and be careful to observe the flags that warn of dangerous surf and riptides before going into the water. This is the downside of beaches washed by the open ocean.

• Serra da Estrela

Portugal’s mountains offer breathtaking scenic drives and friendly villages with low-key resort facilities. Castles crown some of the towns (one of the finest is in Linhares) and the pace of life is charmingly old-world. Stay in the park itself or in the nearby town of Belmonte, which has a castle of its own. The Pousada there sits on a breezy height overlooking the valley. The summer wine of choice in Portugal is chilled Vinho Verde, a light white wine that goes well with hot-weather meals.